How to Perform Bed Leveling (Table Calibration)?

Bed leveling ensures that the distance between the nozzle and the print surface is equal at every point across the bed. Poor calibration means a first layer that won’t stick, a scratched bed, or a clogged nozzle.

The classic method is the paper test: move the nozzle to each of the four corners of the bed and adjust the bed screws until an A4 sheet of paper slides underneath with a light resistance. Several passes are needed because adjusting one corner affects all the others.

Modern printers use sensors such as BLTouch to map the bed surface and compensate for any tilt in software (mesh bed leveling). Even with a sensor, the bed still needs to be roughly level physically. Calibration must always be redone after changing the bed, transporting the printer, or after significant temperature changes.